Second, the pandemic struck at a time when 690 million people go to bed hungry each day with about 740 million, being food insecure and 2 billion people not having regular access to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food. First, food loss and waste occasioned by restricted movement, lockdowns, and border closure are a danger to the environment ( FAO, 2020 UNEP, 2020). ![]() The pandemic has exposed underlying inefficiencies and vulnerabilities in global supply chains ( Leach et al., 2021). 881), the global spread of coronavirus should serve as a wake-up call for “humanity to reflect, rethink and redesign food systems that are safe, healthy, sustainable, and beneficial to all.” Although this statement is applicable across nations, it is particularly relevant to “developing” countries where agriculture is the primary economic activity. As clearly put by Bhavani and Gopinath (2020, p. The pandemic has halted economic growth, reversed progress towards realizing the different sustainable development goals and induced human physical and mental suffering. The emergence, spread, and unprecedented impacts of COVID-19 provide opportunities for devising lasting solutions for alleviating human suffering. Instead, consumers need to rethink and devise consumption models that alleviate the food consumption-related effects of the pandemics and increase the availability and consumption of alternative products with social, economic, health, and environmental impacts. The findings also reveal that sustainable consumer behavior during pandemics goes beyond responsible consumption. Diversity in access to inputs also increased the resilience and sustainability of supplies during precarious periods. Thus, product diversification created resilience capacities for dairy systems. Secondly, most farmers in Eastern Africa had diverse processed products. Results show that farmers in Eastern Africa had a diverse portfolio of processed livestock products than those in Southern Africa. For this chapter, we reflect on the results from 10 countries from Southern and Eastern Africa. In this chapter, we look at the negative and positive effect of the pandemic on sustainability in the context of a dynamic agri-food chain focusing on areas of localized input supply and food system sustainability, diversification, and Resilience, and consumer behavior Surveys were carried out in May/June, 2020 to understand the effects of COVID 19 on the agri-food system in Southern, West, Central, and Eastern Africa and strategies to secure sustainable solutions and resulting policy implications. ![]() A lot has been written on the immediate effect of the pandemic on different crops/animals and nodes of the value chain. ![]() The COVID 19 pandemic was a two-edged sword it exacerbated the already inefficient agri-food system but, in doing that, made us reflect, rethink possible and sustainable solutions to address SDG's 1, 2, 11, and 5.
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